Efeitos de um protocolo de exercícios de força, flexibilidade e equilíbrio nas lesões de nervos periféricos: um estudo de caso / Effects of a strength, flexibility, and balance exercise protocol on peripheral nerve injuries: a case study

Introdução: As lesões de nervos periféricos são mais frequentes em membros superiores (MMSS), que são importantes para as atividades de vida diárias, equilíbrio e reflexos de proteção. Alterações no sistema de controle postural podem impactar na funcionalidade desses indivíduos. Portanto, é necessário alternativas para melhorar as alterações secundárias à lesão. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de um protocolo de exercícios de força, flexibilidade e equilíbrio em paciente com lesão de nervos periféricos. Métodos: Estudo de caso de abordagem quantitativa realizado na Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia da Unochapecó, entre abril e julho de 2021, totalizando 30 intervenções de 60 minutos cada. A amostra foi constituída por um paciente do sexo masculino, 46 anos com diagnóstico de lesão de nervos periféricos no MMSS direito, decorrente de um acidente motociclístico. Foi realizada avaliação inicial, aplicação do protocolo, após a realização das escalas e testes: BESTest, MiniBESTest, Romberg-Barré, Dinamometria manual isométrica, Teste de Sentar e Alcançar e Mini-Exame do Estado Mental. O protocolo continha exercícios de força, flexibilidade e equilíbrio. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva comparativa, antes e após o protocolo (média e porcentagem). Resultados: Houve melhora na força muscular, flexibilidade toracolombar (aumento de 13 cm "61,90%") e testes de equilíbrio (15,81% BESTest, 21,42% MiniBESTest e 67,16% Romberg-Barré). Conclusão: O protocolo de exercícios refletiu positivamente na melhora da flexibilidade, força muscular e equilíbrio do paciente, tornando-se uma alternativa viável para melhorar as alterações secundárias a lesão. (AU)

Técnica de Livani-Belangero (MIPO) en el tratamiento de las fracturas diafisarias de húmero. Experiencia latinoamericana en tres centros hospitalarios / Belangero-Livani Technique (MIPO) in the treatment of humeral shaft fractures. A Latin American experience in three medical centers

Objetivo: Evaluar los datos demográficos, como edad, sexo, profesión, lado afectado, lesión única o múltiple, tipo de material utilizado, tiempo de cicatrización ósea y posibles complicaciones de los pacientes con fracturas diafisarias de húmero tratados mediante la técnica MIPO en tres centros hospitalarios de Ecuador, Paraguay y Brasil. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal, observacional de los datos de 133 pacientes recolectados en tres Servicios: de Quito (Ecuador), Asunción (Paraguay) y Passo Fundo (Brasil). Se compararon las distribuciones entre diferentes Servicios mediante la prueba x2 de Pearson. Resulta-dos: La edad de los pacientes varió entre 17 y 76 años, con una media de 36 años. El tiempo promedio hasta la consolidación fue de 11 semanas (126 de 132 pacientes). Predominó el sexo masculino (70,45%), el lado derecho era el más afectado (55,3%), la mayoría de las fracturas eran únicas (85,61%), se logró la consolidación en el 95,45%. Solo el 9,09% tuvo complicaciones y el 6,82% fueron severas. El 87,12% no tuvo complicaciones; el 0,76% sufrió neuropraxia posquirúrgica; el 3,03%, infección y el 4,55%, seudoartrosis. Conclusión: Con la técnica MIPO para el tratamiento de las fracturas diafisarias de húmero, las tasas de complicaciones y de morbilidad son bajas, y la tasa de consolidación es buena. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Objective: To determine the demographic data of the patients in relation to age, sex, profession, affected side, single or multiple lesions, type of material used, bone healing time and possible complications of the treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus treated using the MIPO technique in a series of patients from three hospital units in Ecuador, Paraguay, and Brazil. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal, observational study of data from 133 patients collected in 3 services in Quito, Ecuador; Asunción, Paraguay; and Passo Fundo, Brazil. The distributions between different services were compared using Pearson's chisquare test. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 17 to 76 years, with a mean of 36 years. The median time to union which occurred in 126 of the 132 patients, was 11 weeks. Most of the patients were male (70.45%), the right side was the most affected (55.3%), most of the fractures were single (85.61%), consolidation occurred in 95.45% of cases, complications occurred only in 9.09% of patients, 6.82% of them were severe. In relation to complications, they were divided according to the absence (87.12%) or presence of the following: post-surgical neuropraxia (0.76%), infection (3.03%), and pseudarthrosis (4.55%). Conclusion: The MIPO technique for the treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus presents low rates of complications and morbidity, demonstrating good rates of consolidation. Level of Evidence: IV

Compartment syndrome after distal biceps brachii tendon rupture in an athlete / Síndrome compartimental em paciente atleta após ruptura do tendão distal do músculo bíceps do braço

ABSTRACT This is a case report of a previously healthy athlete who did not use oral anticoagulant, suffered a rupture of the distal biceps brachii tendon, and evolved with arm compartment syndrome. An emergency fasciotomy and the repair of the tendon were performed. After surgery the patient had a good recovery of the paresthesia and sensibility. This complication is rare and, when reported, is usually associated with patients who use anticoagulant therapy. Due to growth of rupture of distal biceps tendon cases, physicians should be aware that this complication must be treated as an emergency.

RESUMO Relato de caso de paciente atleta, previamente hígido e que não utilizava anticoagulantes orais, com lesão do tendão distal do músculo bíceps braquial, que evoluiu com síndrome compartimental do braço. Realizaram-se fasciotomia de emergência e reparo cirúrgico do tendão, apresentando bom seguimento com recuperação da parestesia e sensibilidade. Essa complicação é bastante rara e, quando relatada, geralmente é associada a pacientes em uso de medicamentos anticoagulantes orais. Contudo, com o aumento da incidência de rupturas do tendão do músculo bíceps braquial, é preciso estar atento à tal complicação que deve ser conduzida como emergência.

El músculo pectoral mayor como opción para la valoración electromiográfica del plexo braquial / The major pectoral muscle as an option for the electromyographic value of the brachial plexus

El registro electromiográfico es una forma de evaluación de los impulsos eléctricos aferentes y eferentes del sistema muscular al sistema nervioso, su valoración permite explorar lesiones nerviosas o patologías neuromusculares en unidades motoras o nerviosas específicas, en este caso, valoramos el plexo braquial y se desea comparar la actividad de este plexo entre los músculos del brazo con el pectoral mayor, ya que, este último puede servir como una opción de valoración del plexo braquial y además de fácil acceso. Este estudio se realizó comparando 4 pacientes de la unidad de neurofisiología de la Caja Nacional de Salud de la ciudad de La Paz, donde se comparó la actividad eléctrica de los músculos del brazo y el pectoral mayor. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el músculo pectoral mayor sería suficiente para valorar la actividad eléctrica en las lesiones del plexo braquial, hemos observado que, sirve para valorar lesiones, tanto del tronco superior e inferior del plexo braquial como una lesión total de este plexo, además, permite mejor acceso que los músculos del brazo en caso de accidentes con lesión de los miembros superiores.

Epidemiologic study of hand and upper extremity injuries by power tools

BACKGROUND: Hand injuries caused by chain saws, electric saws, and hand grinders range from simple lacerations to tendon injuries, fractures, and even amputations. This study aimed to understand the distribution of various types of hand and upper extremity injuries caused by power tools, in order to help prevent them, by investigating the incidence and cause of power tool injuries treated over a 4-year period at a single institution in Korea. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients who visited a single institution for power tool-induced injuries from 2011 to 2014. The distribution of sex, age, injured body part, type of injury, and mechanism of injury sustained by patients who received hand and upper extremity injuries from using an engine saw, electric saw, or hand grinder was evaluated. RESULTS: Among 594 subjects who were injured by power tools, 261 cases were hand and upper extremity injuries. The average age was 53.2 years. Tendon injury was the most common type of injury. An electric saw was the most common type of power tool used. More injuries occurred in non-occupational settings than in occupational settings. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, power tool-induced hand and upper extremity injuries were mostly caused by direct contact with electric saw blades. More injuries occurred due to non-occupational use of these tools, but the ratios of amputations and structural injuries were similar in the non-occupational and occupational groups.

Extremidad superior gravemente lesionada: Reporte de un caso clínico / Mangled upper extremity. Case report

Se presenta un paciente con una extremidad superior gravemente lesionada por arma de fuego. Inicialmente fue tratado con múltiples limpiezas quirúrgicas y colocación de tutor externo AO. El tratamiento definitivo consistió en tutor externo monolateral, además de injerto estructural de cresta ilíaca. Durante el manejo inicial, se detecta lesión del nervio radial, con nervio en continuidad. Dado el proceso cicatricial y la infección de partes blandas, no se logra manejar en la etapa aguda. Posteriormente se realizan transferencias tendinosas para nervio radial. La evolución fue favorable y la función de la extremidad superior resultó satisfactoria. Se comunica este caso debido a su complejo manejo a causa de las lesiones óseas, neurovasculares, cutáneas y de partes blandas. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

We present a patient with a severely injured upper extremity due to a shotgun. Patient was initially managed with multiple surgical debridements and an external AO fixator. Final treatment was performed with a monolateral external fixator in addition to a iliac crest structural graft. During initial management, a radial nerve injury was observed; the nerve was intact, though devitalized. Given the scarring process and soft tissue infection, treatment was performed in the acute phase. Subsequently, tendon transfers were made to treat a radial nerve injury. Patient evolved favorably and regained adequate function of the upper extremity. This case is presented due to its complex management due to bone, neurovascular, skin, and soft tissue involvement. Level of Evidence: IV

Profil épidémiologique et lésionnel des urgences traumatiques de l'appareil locomoteur au centre hospitalier universitaire et départemental de L'Ouémé-Plateau (CHUDOP)

INTRODUCTION : Les traumatismes de l'appareil locomoteur constituent un des motifs de consultation les plus fréquents dans les services d'accueil des urgences. L'objectif de ce travail était de définir le profil épidémiologique et lésionnel des urgences traumatiques de l'appareil locomoteur au CHUDOP. METHODOLOGIE : Il s'est agi d'une étude rétrospective descriptive et analytique sur une période de 12 mois allant du 1er Janvier 2016 au 31 Décembre 2016 et incluant tous les patients admis aux urgences du CHUDOP pour traumatisme de l'appareil locomoteur. RESULTATS : Nous avons colligé 934 patients admis pour atteinte de l'appareil locomoteur sur un total de 4777 consultations au cours de la période d'étude. Il s'agissait de 658 hommes et 138 femmes soit un sex ratio de 4,7. L'âge moyen était de 31,92 ans avec des extrêmes de2 ans et 85 ans. Les accidents de la voie publique ont été de loin les principaux pourvoyeurs dans une proportion de 73,9%. Les lésions principales les plus rencontrées sont les fractures (78,7%) les entorses (6,7%) puis les luxations (3,2%). Quelques lésions associées ont été enregistrées ; il s'agissait de 94 cas de traumatismes crâniens graves ou légers et de 14 cas de traumatisme abdominal avec hémopéritoine. CONCLUSION : Les lésions traumatologiques de l'appareil locomoteur ont représenté une part importante des admissions au service d'accueil des urgences du CHUDOP avec une variété d'étiologies et de diagnostiques

Defectos óseos diafisarios postraumáticos en la extremidad superior de niños / Post-traumatic diaphyseal bone defects in the upper extremity of children

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si la combinación de osteosíntesis asociadas a autoinjerto óseo representa un método terapéutico eficaz y confiable en niños con defectos óseos segmentarios diafisarios crónicos en el húmero o los huesos del antebrazo. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluó retrospectivamente a nueve niños, tratados entre 2005 y 2015, con fracturas en huesos largos de la extremidad superior que se infectaron y resultaron en defectos óseos segmentarios; todas con ≥6 meses de evolución desde el trauma inicial. Se incluyó a 7 niños y 2 niñas, con una edad promedio de 9.9 años. Cuatro defectos óseos se localizaban en el húmero; tres, en el cúbito y dos, en el radio. Todos habían sido sometidos a intervenciones quirúrgicas (promedio 3,7) que originaron defectos óseos de 4,5 cm en promedio. El tiempo entre el trauma inicial y la cirugía definitiva promedió los 21.8 meses. Resultados: El seguimiento promedio fue de 2.2 años. Se obtuvo la consolidación en todos los casos. En un paciente, se utilizó espaciador de cemento y, en otro, injerto libre de peroné. Dos pacientes con lesión en el húmero presentaron un acortamiento significativo. Todos los niños retomaron sus actividades deportivas y recreativas sin limitaciones. Conclusiones: Mediante la combinación de diferentes tipos de autoinjerto óseo, diversas placas colocadas puenteando la lesión y la técnica de la membrana inducida, se logró la consolidación y los nueve niños con defectos óseos diafisarios segmentarios en húmero, cúbito o radio retornaron a sus actividades normales. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results achieved in children with chronic segmental bone defects at the humerus or forearm. Methods: Nine children, treated between 2005 and 2015, presenting long bone upper extremity fractures that got infected resulting in segmentary bone defects were retrospectively evaluated; all lesions had 6 or more months from trauma. Seven patients were male and two female, with an average age of 9.9 years. Four defects were located at the humerus, three at the ulna, and two at the radius. All patients had had previous surgical interventions (average 3.7), originating bony defects that averaged 4.5 cm. Time from initial trauma to definitive surgery averaged 21.8 months. Results: Follow-up averaged 2.2 years. Union was achieved in all patients. A cement spacer was used in one case, in another case a free fibular bone graft was used. Two patients with humeral defects had significant shortening. All patients returned to their recreational and sports activities without limitations. Conclusions: The combination of different types of bone autograft, various plaques placed bypassing the lesion and the induced membrane technique allowed us to obtain consolidation and return to normal activity in the nine children with segmental bone defects in humerus, ulna or radius. Level of Evidence: IV

Experiencia inicial en un centro de alta complejidad con el injerto vascularizado de peroné en defectos óseos segmentarios del miembro superior / Early experience in a high complexity hospital with the vascularized fibular graft in segmentalbone defects of the upper limb

Introducción: Los defectos óseos >6 cm en los huesos largos plantean un problema difícil de solucionar en la reconstrucción del miembro superior. El peroné vascularizado se ha convertido en el principal método de reconstrucción por sus ventajas biológicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la tasa y el tiempo de consolidación ósea, y las complicaciones asociadas en una serie continua de pacientes. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión durante un período de 5 años. Se incluyeron los pacientes que fueron tratados por defectos >6 cm en el miembro superior. Se analizaron variables preoperatorias, intraoperatorias y posoperatorias inmediatas y alejadas. Resultados: Durante el período de evaluación, 6 pacientes (4 hombres/2 mujeres) cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. La edad promedio fue de 47 años. El tiempo transcurrido entre el trauma inicial y la cirugía reconstructiva varió de 2 a 21 años. El defecto óseo promedio fue de 10 cm. El tiempo de seguimiento promedio fue de 17 meses. Se logró la consolidación ósea en todos los casos, como promedio, en 16 semanas. Dos pacientes sufrieron complicaciones posoperatorias. Ninguno presentó complicaciones o secuelas funcionales en la zona dadora. Conclusiones: El injerto óseo vascularizado de peroné es una opción válida para el tratamiento quirúrgico reconstructivo de defectos óseos segmentarios >6 cm en el miembro superior, con una tasa alta de consolidación, aun en casos con múltiples cirugías previas o con una lesión de larga evolución. Los detalles técnicos previenen las complicaciones en la zona dadora.

Introduction: Reconstruction of bone defects >6 cm in the upper limb poses a problem. The vascularized fibular graft has become the most popularized method to treat these bone defects, because of their biological advantages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of bone union, time to accomplish this union and complications associated with this technique in a continuous series of patients. Methods: A review was performed during a period of five years. All patients who were treated for defects >6 cm on upper limbs were included. Preoperative, intraoperative, and immediate and long-term postoperative variables were analyzed. Results: During the assessment period, 6 patients (4 males/2 females) met the inclusion criteria. The average age was 47 years. Time between the initial trauma and reconstructive surgery ranged from 2 to 21 years. The average bone defect was 10 cm. The average follow-up was 17 months. Bone healing was achieved in all cases at a mean of 16 weeks. Two patients had postoperative complications. None of the patients had complications or functional sequelae in the donor site. Conclusions: The vascularized fibular graft is a valid option in reconstructive surgery of segmental bone defects >6 cm in the upper limb. It achieves a high consolidation rate, even in cases with multiple previous surgeries or a long-standing lesion. The technical details prevent complications in the donor site.

Osteosíntesis percutánea mínimamente invasiva lateral en fracturas de húmero / Minimally invasive percutaneous lateral plate osteosynthesis in humeral shaft fractures

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar retrospectivamente los resultados funcionales, radiológicos y las complicaciones posquirúrgicas inmediatas y a largo plazo de una serie de pacientes con fracturas de húmero tratados mediante osteosíntesis con técnica mínimamente invasiva. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico retrospectivo. Se evaluó a 14 pacientes (7 mujeres y 7 hombres; edad promedio 48.7 años [rango, 21-73]) con fracturas de húmero, que fueron tratados con técnica de osteosíntesis mínimamente invasiva lateral con placas, entre 2007 y 2013. Según la clasificación AO, las fracturas eran 12A1 (n = 1), 12B1 (n = 1), 12B2 (n = 3), 12C1 (n = 6), 12C2 (n = 1), 12C3 (n = 2). Se efectuaron dos incisiones laterales, una proximal y otra distal; se deslizó la placa por un canal submuscular y se protegió el nervio radial. Resultados: El seguimiento promedio fue de 30 meses. Se obtuvo la consolidación en 13 casos (92,85%), el tiempo promedio hasta la consolidación fue de 3 meses (rango, 2-6). La flexión promedio fue de 174,8°; la rotación externa, de 67,2°; la abducción, de 173,8º y la rotación interna, de 72,1°. El arco de flexo-extensión del codo promedió los 140,5°. El promedio de la prueba de Constant fue de 82,66 puntos; el puntaje DASH promedio fue de 15,27. Cuatro pacientes (23,5%) presentaron neuropraxia radial. Conclusiones: La osteosíntesis con placas percutáneas mediante un abordaje mínimamente invasivo ha demostrado su eficacia para el tratamiento de fracturas diafisarias de húmero aplicando el principio de placa puente. Es un procedimiento biológico, técnicamente demandante, no exento de complicaciones. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: The aim of this study is to retrospectively assess functional and radiological outcomes, and immediate and long-term post-surgical complications in a series of patients with humeral fractures treated with osteosynthesis using a minimally invasive technique. Methods: Retrospective multicenter study of 14 patients with humeral fractures treated with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis through lateral approaches between 2007 and 2013. Seven were females and 7 males, age averaged 48.7 years (range 21-73). Fractures were classified according to the AO classification: 12A1 (n = 1), 12B1 (n = 1), 12B2 (n = 3), 12C1 (n = 6), 12C2 (n = 1), and 12C3 (n = 2). Two lateral incisions (proximal and distal) were used. The plates were slid through a submuscular canal, and the radial nerve was protected. Results: Follow-up averaged 30 months. Union was achieved in 13 cases (92.85%), time to union averaged three months (range, 2 to 6). Flexion averaged 174.8°, external rotation was 67.2°, abduction 173.8º and internal rotation 72.1°. Elbow flexion and extension averaged 140.5°. Constant score averaged 82.66 points; DASH score averaged 15.27 points. Four patients had radial nerve neurapraxia (23.5%). Conclusions: Percutaneous osteosynthesis with plates using a lateral minimally invasive approach has proven effective for the treatment of humeral shaft fractures, applying the principle of bridge plate. It is a biological, technically demanding procedure but not free from complications. Level of Evidence: IV

Rupture of the triceps tendon - A case series / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Triceps rupture is the least common among all tendon injuries. The usual mechanism of injury is a fall on an outstretched hand, although direct contact injuries have also been reported to cause this injury. The diagnosis of acute triceps tendon rupture may be missed, which can result in prolonged disability and delayed operative management. We presented three cases of acute triceps tendon rupture each at different site showing the spectrum of injury to the muscle and mechanism of injury and management were also discussed.

Scapulothoracic and scapholunate dissociation in the ipsilateral upper limb of a trauma victim / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Scapulothoracic dissociation is a rare and complex injury pattern with varied presentation. Here we describe a case of a 32-year-old male who presented with scapulothoracic dissociation associated with brachial plexus injury, along with scapholunate dissociation. We also propose an injury mechanism that might link the two injury patterns, suggesting that the association might be more than by chance. The patient was managed according to established trauma care and resuscitation protocols followed by open reduction and internal fixation of the clavicle fracture, and fixation of scapholunate dissociation and had a successful outcome at follow-up.

Consecutive flap transfer for repairing massive soft tissue defects in the opisthenar with improved donor site closure / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore a surgical model of utilizing consecutive free scapular flap and adjacent pedicled flap transfer for repairing massive soft tissue defects on the dorsum of the hand while minimizing the donor site morbidity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six patients with massive soft tissue injuries on the opisthenar and forearm were treated with free scapular flaps. Afterwards, a pedicled flap adjacent to the donor site was transferred to cover the donor site defect by direct closure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All six free scapular flaps survived without signs of infection. Three adjacent pedicled flaps presented minor signs of insufficient blood flow on the distal apex, which resolved after six weeks with only conservative therapy. All the incisions healed without other complications. At six-month follow-up, the patients regained full shoulder function.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With the assistance of an adjacent pedicled flap, the scapular flap is a highly applicable approach in repairing massive soft tissue defects in the opisthenar. It can achieve positive outcomes in both reconstructive and aesthetic aspects.</p>

Dismorfia de genitales externos en la población pediátrica / Dysmorphia external genitalia in the pediatric population

El procedimiento estético más común de los genitales femeninos es la reducción de los labios menores (labioplastía). Cada vez son más las niñas y mujeres jóvenes que prestan especial atención a la apariencia estética de sus genitales externos. La causa más común de hipertrofia es probablemente la congénita. Las mujeres afectadas habitualmente sufren vergüenza social y preocupación estética. Existen numerosas técnicas para la corrección quirúrgica en la literatura médica, aunque ningún método es superior a otro. Se presentan dos casos de dismorfia de labios menores en adolescentes. En un caso, de dismorfia congénita, se utilizó la técnica de reducción en ancho y en largo mediante desepitelización y resección en cuña inferior. Esta asociación proporciona un cierre libre de tensión y asegura una vascularización adecuada del borde del colgajo superior, lo que disminuiría el riesgo de dehiscencia de herida. En el otro caso, secuela de trauma, se reimplantó el labio afectado con resección del tercio distal del mismo. En ambas pacientes los resultados estéticos fueron satisfactorios...

The most common cosmetic procedure of the female genitalia is the labia minora reduction (labiaplasty). There are more and more girls and young women, with special attention to the aesthetic appearance of their external genitalia. The most common cause of hypertrophy is likely to congenital. Affected women usually suffer social shame and aesthetic concerns. There are numerous techniques for surgical correction in the medical literature, although no method is superior to another. Two cases of a minor dysmorphic teen lips are presented. In one case, a congenital dysmorphic, we used the reduction technique in width and in length by epithelialization and lower wedge resection. This partnership provides tension-free closure and ensures proper vascularization of the upper edge flap, which would reduce the risk wound dehiscence. In the other case, sequel to trauma, the affected lip were treated with resection of the distal portion. In both patients the aesthetic results were satisfactory...

Complicaciones severas por el uso parenteral del Kerosene en intento de autólisis: a propósito de tres casos / Severe complications due to the parenteral use ofKerosene in autolysis intends: a propose of three cases

El suicidio o intento suicida es un proceder muy antiguo, realizado por el ser humano en contra de sí mismo. Se presentó un estudio descriptivo de tres pacientes, que en intento suicida se auto inocularon kerosene, combustible doméstico, lo que desencadenó severa necrosis tisular y lesión pulmonar aguda en uno de ellos. La falta de previsión desde su inicio en el personal facultativo sobre la envergadura de las complicaciones que posteriormente aparecieron, se puso de manifiesto en el estudio. Se realizaron sugerencias para futuros afectados por esta causa.

Suicide or suicidal intend is a very old procedure, carried out by the human being against himself. We presented the descriptive study of three patients who inoculated themselves kerosene, a domestic combustible, in a suicidal intend, unleashing severe tissue necrosis and acute pulmonary lesion in one of them. In the study it was clear the lack of prevision on the reach of the complications that lately appeared, from the part of the medical staff. We made suggestions for the persons injured for this cause in the future.

Osteosíntesis mínimamente invasiva con placa en fracturas diafisarias de húmero / Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (mipo) for humeral diaphyseal fractures

Objetivo: Mostrar y analizar los resultados del tratamiento de un grupo de fracturas diafisarias de húmero con técnica MIPO. Se hizo particular énfasis en el análisis del dolor durante el posoperatorio inmediato, la demora en la reincorporación a las actividades cotidianas básicas, los tiempos hasta alcanzar la consolidación radiológica y las complicaciones. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron, en forma retrospectiva, 15 fracturas diafisarias de húmero. La edad promedio era de 57 años (18-84). El seguimiento promedio fue de 26 meses (12-96). Ocho casos fueron tratados con técnica MIPO por vía anterior utilizando implantes rectos, y siete, con técnica MIPO e implantes helicoidales. Resultados: Todos los casos alcanzaron la consolidación. El tiempo promedio hasta la consolidación radiológica fue de 12 semanas (6-32). Salvo un caso con retraso de la consolidación, el tiempo promedio fue de 10 semanas (6-16). El puntaje promedio del dolor según la escala analógica visual durante las primeras 48 horas del posoperatorio fue 2,4 (1-4). El tiempo promedio hasta retomar las actividades cotidianas básicas fue de 9 días (4-17). Las complicaciones fueron retraso de la consolidación (1 caso), infección superficial (1 caso) y tenosinovitis de la porción larga del bíceps (1 caso). Conclusiones: La técnica MIPO mostró ser un método con alta tasa de consolidación en un tiempo igual o inferior al de otros métodos de osteosíntesis. Los pacientes sufrieron dolor leve durante el posoperatorio inmediato y la reincorporación a las actividades cotidianas básicas fue rápida. Las complicaciones fueron tratadas con éxito

To show and analyze the treatment of a group of humeral diaphyseal fractures with the minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique. Special emphasis was placed in analyzing immediate postoperative pain; delay to return to basic daily activities; time to radiological healing; and complications.Methods: Fifteen humeral diaphyseal fractures were assessed retrospectively. The average age was 57 years (18-84). The average follow-up was 26 months (12-96). Eight cases were treated with anterior MIPO technique using straight implants. Seven cases were treated with MIPO technique using helical implants.Results: Healing was reached in all cases. The average time to radiological healing was 12 weeks (6-32). Excluding one case with delayed union, the average time was 10 weeks (6-16). The average pain score according to the visual analogue scale for the first 48 hours after surgery was 2.4 (1-4). The average time needed to return to basic daily activities was 9 days (4-17). Complications included delayed union (1 case), superficial infection (1 case) and tenosynovitis of the long head of the biceps (1 case).Conclusions: The MIPO technique proved to be a method with a high healing rate requiring the same time or less compared to other osteosynthesis methods. It caused mild immediate postoperative pain and return to basic daily activities was quick. Complications were managed successfully.

Técnica mínimamente invasiva por vía posterior para el tratamiento de fracturas diafisarias de húmero / Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis through a posterior approach for humeral shaft fractures

Objetivo: Comunicar la técnica mínimamente invasiva por vía posterior para la osteosíntesis de las fracturas diafisarias de húmero y evaluar los resultados clínicos y radiológicos de una serie de pacientes. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 11 pacientes (9 hombres y 2 mujeres; edad promedio, 33 años). Diez fracturas eran cerradas y una era expuesta. Se describe prolijamente la técnica quirúrgica. El seguimiento promedio fue de 22 meses. Resultados: La flexo-extensión del codo fue de 140º-0°. La movilidad del hombro fue de 170° de elevación, 70° de rotación externa y rotación interna de D9. El dolor según la escala analógica visual: 0 puntos, DASH: 6; puntaje de la Clínica Mayo: 96, test de la UCLA: 33 puntos. Todas las fracturas consolidaron. Se observó una alineación normal de la diáfisis humeral en 3 de los pacientes, 7 tenían alguna deformidad en varo y uno en valgo. Un paciente desarrolló una parálisis radial posoperatoria y otro necesitó la extracción del implante por una infección. Conclusiones: La técnica mínimamente invasiva posterior es una buena opción para el tratamiento de fracturas diafisarias de húmero. Es particularmente útil cuando la línea de fractura está cerca de la fosa olecraneana, debido a que, en estos casos, la técnica mínimamente invasiva por vía anterior es difícil de realizar. Los buenos resultados son similares a los reportados con las vías anterior y lateral

AbstractBackground: To report the MIPO technique through a posterior approach for the treatment of humeral shaft fractures, and to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a series of patients treated with this procedure.Methods: Eleven patients were evaluated (9 men and 2 women; mean age, 33 years old). Ten fractures were closed and one open. The surgical technique is described in detail. The follow-up was 22 months.Results: Elbow flexo-extension was 140°-0°. Shoulder motion was: 170° of elevation, 70° of external rotation and internal rotation of D9. Pain (VAS): 0, MEPS: 96 points, UCLA test: 33 points. All fractures healed. Normal alignment of the shaft fracture was evidenced in 3 patients, a varus angulation was observed in 7 and a valgus angula-tion in one patient. Radial postoperative palsy was noted in one patient and another required implant removal due to an hematogenous infection.Conclusions: This technique represents a reliable therapeutic option for any middle and distal shaft fractures. It is particularly useful in fractures of the distal diaphysis when the line of fracture is near the olecranon fossa since, in these cases, the MIPO through an anterior approach is not feasible. Good results are similar to those reported in the MIPO technique through the anterior or lateral approach.

Perfil dos pacientes com lesões traumáticas do membro superior atendidos pela fisioterapia em hospital do nível terciário / Profile of patients with traumatic injuries of the upper limb treated in a tertiary hospital

A incidência de lesões traumáticas dos membros superiores em um hospital terciário além de ser elevada, possui uma grande variedade. Neste sentido torna-se importante a criação de um banco de dados único, para conhecer o perfil dos pacientes atendidos. Objetivo: traçar o perfil dos pacientes com lesões traumáticas dos membros superiores, atendidos pela Fisioterapia no Centro de Reabilitação do Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão. Método: foram avaliadas 223 fichas de pacientes (58 mulheres e 116 homens), com idade média de 34,54 (± 19,05) anos, encaminhados pelo ambulatório de ortopedia do referido hospital. Resultados: do total de casos analisados, as lesões de punho e mão obtiveram maior incidência (60,99%), seguidos por lesões de ombro (20,63%), cotovelo (12,55%), braço (3,59%) e antebraço (2,24%). Nas lesões de punho e mão o mecanismo de trauma com maior porcentagem foi o acidente de moto, relacionado com as fraturas múltiplas de ossos da mão. Queda da própria altura, acidente motociclístico e queda de escada foram os mecanismos de trauma, correlacionando com as fraturas de úmero proximal, luxação de ombro e fraturas de escápula respectivamente. Conclusão: Foi verificada a incidência de lesão, mecanismo de trauma e as características da população para futuramente aprimorar os protocolos específicos para as disfunções e investir em campanhas de prevenção.

The incidence of traumatic injuries of the upper limbs in a tertiary hospital has a wide variety. This is why the creation of a unified database becomes important-to know the patients’ profile. Objective: this study sought to determine the profile of patients with traumatic injuries of the upper limbs, treated by Physical Therapy in Rehabilitation Center of the Clinics Hospital of Ribeirão Preto. Method: Two hundred and twenty-three patient records were evaluated (58 women and 116 men). They had an average age of 34.54 (± 19.05) years and were referred by the orthopedic clinic of this hospital. Results: of the cases studied, wrist and hand injuries had the highest incidence (60.99%), followed by injuries of the shoulder (20.63%), elbow (12.55%), arm (3.59%) and forearm (2.24%). In injuries of wrist and hand, the trauma mechanism with the highest percentage was the motorcycle accident, associated with multiple handbone fractures. Falling down, motorcycle accidents, and falling off a ladder were the mechanisms of injury correlated with proximal humerus fractures, shoulder dislocations, and broken scapulas, respectively. Conclusion: the incidence of injury, trauma mechanism, and characteristics of the population was verified and further improvements in protocols for specific disorders and prevention can be made.

Risk of upper extremity biomechanical overload in automotive facility / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the risk factors for upper extremity-work-related musculoskeletal disorders (UE-WMSD) on 13 production lines in an airbag factory using the threshold limit values-American conference of industrial hygienists- hand activity level (TLV-ACGIH-HAL) method and introduce the ergonomic improvement to reduce the repetitiveness and the peak force (Pf).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Professional exposure level on 13 production lines in a automobile factory was measured using the TLV-ACGIH-HAL method and a further risk was assessed according to the ergonomic improvement.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The first assessment of 9 production lines showed that the professional exposure level was above the TLV or HAL limit. The second assessment showed that the professional exposure level was below the AL limit on all production lines except 1, in which the professional exposure level was between TLV and HAL.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The assessment of UE-WMSD-related risk can identify the riskiest emplacements and evaluate the reduction of risk in professional exposure through interventions of structural- organizational type.</p>